CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus PDF 2022-23
Evaluation Scheme (Theory) | ||
Units | Topics | Marks |
VI | Reproduction | 16 |
VII | Genetics and Evolution | 20 |
VIII | Biology and Human Welfare | 12 |
IX | Biotechnology and its Applications | 12 |
X | Ecology and Environment | 10 |
Total Theory | 70 | |
Practicals | 30 | |
Total | 100 |
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus: Course Content
Unit-6 Reproduction
Chapter- 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post-fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.
Chapter- 3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).
Chapter- 4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).
Unit-7 Genetics and Evolution
Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete
dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bees; linkage and crossing over; sex-linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.
Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter-7: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidence for biological evolution (palaeontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.
Unit-8 Biology and Human Welfare
Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.
Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.
Unit-9 Biotechnology and its Applications
Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).
Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Applications
Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.
Unit-10 Ecology and Environment
Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations
Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Abiotic Factors, Responses to Abiotic Factors, Adaptations)
Chapter-14: Ecosystem
Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles)
Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Practicals Evaluation Scheme
In Biology subject practicals play an important role. Students must focus on practicals simultaneously with the theory learning as it will help them in understanding the subject in a better way. Total 30 marks are devoted to the practicals. performing well in Biology Practicals will increase their overall score in Biology subject. Students can find the list of experiments of class 12 Biology in the syllabus pdf. The table below shows the Evaluation Scheme for CBSE Class 12 Practical exam.
Evaluation Scheme | Marks |
One Major Experiment 5 | 5 |
One Minor Experiment 2 & 3 | 4 |
Slide Preparation 1 & 4 | 5 |
Spotting | 7 |
Practical Record + Viva Voce | 4 |
Investigatory Project and its Project Record + Viva Voce | 5 |
Total | 30 |
UNIT - 6 (REPRODUCTION) | ||
CHAPTER 1 | REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS | SOLUTION |
CHAPTER 2 | SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS | SOLUTION |
CHAPTER 3 | HUMAN REPRODUCTION | SOLUTION |
CHAPTER 4 | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SOLUTION |
UNIT - 7 (GENETICS AND EVOLUTION) | ||
CHAPTER 5 | PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION | SOLUTION |
CHAPTER 6 | MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE | SOLUTION |
CHAPTER 7 | EVOLUTION | SOLUTION |
UNIT - 8 (BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE) | ||
CHAPTER 8 | CHUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE | SOLUTION |
CHAPTER 9 | STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD REPRODUCTION | SOLUTION |
CHAPTER 10 | MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE | SOLUTION |
UNIT - 9 (BIOTECHNOLOGY) | ||
CHAPTER 11 | BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES | SOLUTION |
CHAPTER 12 | BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS | SOLUTION |
UNIT - 10 (ECOLOGY) | ||
CHAPTER 13 | ORGANISMS AND POPULATIONS | SOLUTION |
CHAPTER 14 | ECOSYSTEM | SOLUTION |
CHAPTER 15 | BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION | SOLUTION |
CHAPTER 16 | ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES | SOLUTION |